Fig. 7

Pb-isotopic data for a reference material EarlyTime 1× (analysis ZN 110) processed with varying blank values (A), uncertainties in blank values (B), and uncertainties of blank isotopic compositions (C). Blank value of 0.50 ± 0.14 pg (28% uncertainty) is typical for Pb procedure that was used for processing of meteorite samples at the SPIDE²R lab, RSES, ANU (Amelin et al. 2010, 2019, 2024). Blank isotope composition and its uncertainty (²⁰⁴Pb/²⁰⁶Pb = 0.05663, 3.1%, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb = 0.87882, 0.61%) are the average values measured alongside meteorite samples at the SPIDE²R lab in 2021–2022. These blank parameters are used a reference value for comparisons, and are shown with dashed ellipses with increased lime thickness. The blank values (pane A) are from 0 to 2 pg with 28% uncertainty. Blank uncertainty values (pane B) are between 0 and 100% and are applied to 0.5 pg blank. Uncertainties of blank isotopic composition are calculated by multiplying the uncertainty reference values (3.1% for ²⁰⁴Pb/²⁰⁶Pb and 0.61% for ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb) by factors between 0.1 and 20. Further details can be found in the Additional file 1: Table S1