Fig. 6

TEM images of Saharan dust particles acquired at 200 kV using a JEOL JEM 2010 and at 80 kV using a JEOL JEM ARM 200F instruments. Saharan dust was collected with a cascade impactor in Tenerife, 15 July 2005 (Kandler et al. 2007; Jeong et al. 2016). EDS spectra were acquired using an Oxford X-MAX detector. Bottom image of each panel was magnified from top image. EDS patterns were acquired from the circled areas. a ISCM-rich particle with interleaved kaolinite packet (0.7 nm lattice). b ISCM-rich particle with the submicron inclusions of hematite, goethite, and Ti oxides. c Thick illite coated with ISCM-rich clays. d Quartz coated with ISCM clays that include submicron goethite and Ti oxide grains. Magnified image shows thin CSPs enclosed in the matrix of LCPs. e Amorphous silica coated with ISCM clays. Magnified image shows nano-bubbles of amorphous silica with coatings of CSPs and LCPs. Inset shows diffraction ring of amorphous silica with no diffraction spot. f Composite particle of clay and nonclay minerals. Am-Si = amorphous silica, Chl = chlorite, Gth = goethite, Hem = hematite, Ilt = illite, Kfs = K-feldspar, Kln = kaolinite, Sme = smectite, To = Ti oxide, Qz = quartz