Fig. 7From: Deep learning image segmentation for the reliable porosity measurement of high-capacity Ni-based oxide cathode secondary particlesTomographic volume reconstruction. a Perspective views of the 3D reconstructed volumes of pore distribution inside the NCM secondary particle. The tomographic volumes were reconstructed with different 2D pore segmentation images obtained using the ground truth measurement, digital threshold process, and CNN-assisted process combined with histogram stretching or equalization. The reconstructed dimensions were set to 2.3 (x) µm × 2.3 (y) µm × 1.5 (z) µm. b Total porosity (Pt), total pore volume (Pv), and total surface area (St) of the NCM secondary particle, which were measured from the reconstructed tomographic volumesBack to article page