Table 1 Kinetic parameters for the adsorption of selected phenolic compounds onto Fe₃O₄@MAA-βCD

Pseudo-first-order

q_e exp (mg g⁻¹)

5.52721

q_e cal (mg g⁻¹)

0.2607

K₁ (min⁻¹)

0.0212

R²

0.2828

Δq (%)

35.2082

Relative error (%)

95.3213

Pseudo-second-order

q_e cal (mg g⁻¹)

5.5897

K₂ (g mg⁻¹ min⁻¹)

0.1152

h (mg g⁻¹ min⁻¹)

11.3379

t^1/2 (min)

0.0649

R²

1

Δq (%)

0.1194

Relative error (%)

0.3159

Elovich equation

q_e cal (mg g⁻¹)

5.5512

β (g mg⁻¹)

12.2249

α (mg g min⁻¹)

3.0374 × 10²⁶

R²

0.9460

Δq (%)

0.1418

Relative error (%)

0.3751

Intraparticle diffusion

C (mg g⁻¹)

5.2952

K (mg g min⁻¹)

0.0286

R²

0.8786

External diffusion

K_ext (min⁻¹)

− 0.0024

C (mg g⁻¹)

− 1.9118

R²

0.7772