Fig. 1

Action mechanism of cellulolytic enzymes: endoglucanase randomly cleaves internal bonds at amorphous sites that create new chain ends; exoglucanase cleaves two to four units from the ends of the exposed chains produced by endocellulase, resulting in disaccharides, such as cellobiose; and β-glucosidase hydrolyses disaccharides into individual monosaccharides, such as glucose