Table 1 Mean (standard deviation in parentheses) of toxic metal concentrations (mg/kg) in tires from different manufacturers and comparisons with published data

Tire-A (n = 5)

2.68 (1.08)

8.81 (1.76)

156.7 (59.9)

12,194 (259)

0.36 (0.16)

0.26 (0.04)

46.8 (25.1)

3.6 (2.0)

13.4 (2.5)

Tire-B (n = 6)

8.67 (5.97)

5.32 (2.68)

212.1 (144.5)

13,322 (623)

1.12 (0.60)

0.59 (0.42)

10.2 (10.9)

23.7 (11.0)

33.2 (19.4)

Tire-C (n = 1)

2.20

7.28

202.0

12,367

0.25

0.14

24.1

1.3

9.5

Tire-D (n = 2)

9.70 (2.35)

1.98 (0.01)

770.7 (203.4)

10,128 (395)

2.18 (0.22)

0.46 (0.14)

21.3 (7.6)

1.1 (0.1)

15.9 (0.4)

Tire-E (n = 2)

2.49 (0.36)

6.42 (0.01)

11.6 (0.4)

10,032 (31)

0.86 (0.01)

0.68 (0.01)

2.8 (0.02)

2.9 (0.1)

55.4 (0.8)

Tire (Dong et al. 2017)

–

–

36.7

9,500

–

–

–

–

–

Tire (Thapalia et al. 2010)

–

–

–

12,980

–

–

–

–

–

Background soil (unpublished data)

–

–

36.4

96.9

–

–

–

–

33.9

Road dust (< 10 μm) (Jeong and Ra 2021a)

300

75.6

513

3,007

17.0

5.6

–

61.6

480