Fig. 4
From: Inactivation of mammalian spermatozoa on the exposure of TiO2 nanorods deposited with noble metals
Assessment of sperm viability and acrosomal integrity. Boar spermatozoa were incubated in the absence (W/O) or presence of NRs. Live (viable) spermatozoa were counted after incubation for 30 min (A) or 2 h (B). Also, intact acrosomes were examined using PNA and PI staining after incubation for 30 min (C) or 2 h (D). E Intracellular ROS generation in spermatozoa exposed to TiO2 NRs. Fluorescence intensities were measured in sperm stained with carboxy-DCFDA. Experiments were repeated five times with spermatozoa from two different boars. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Lines (or dotted lines) among columns denote significant differences at *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001