Table 4 Comparison of proposed VA-SS-DLLME-HPLC-DAD method with published methods for the extraction of NSAIDs
Method | Matrix | Sample volume (mL) | LOD (µg L−1) | Recovery (%) | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SPE-UHPLC-UV | Hospital wastewater, tap, river water | 10 | 0.13–0.82 | 93–100 | Li et al. (2018) |
IL-DLLME-UHPLC-UV/FP | River & Tap water | 5 | 17.0–95.0 | 90–103 | Toledo-Neira and Álvarez-Lueje (2015) |
MSPE-UHPLC-DAD | Influent and effluent wastewater | 20 | 0.05–0.38 | 82–98 | Akawa et al. (2021) |
MDSPE-LC-DAD | Wastewater, urine and tap water | 20 | 0.50–3.0 | 86–107 | Baile et al. (2019) |
MSPE-UHPLC-UV | Urine, Serum, River water | 10 | 0.20–0.40 | 85–114 | Han et al. (2019) |
DLLME-LC–MS | River water, tap water | 6 | 0.10–3.0 | 73–80 | Zgola-Grzeskowiak (2010) |
MSPE-HPLC–UV | wastewater, tap and river water | 50 | 0.05–0.08 | 70–84 | Alinezhad et al. (2018) |
VA-SS-DLLME-HPLC-DAD | River water | 5 | 0.17–0.24 | 96–102 | This study |