Insights into brewed tea waste as a green and low-priced adsorbent for solid-phase extraction of Cd(II) ions: isotherm, kinetic, and artificial neural network approach

Journal of Analytical Science and Technology

Table 6 Different common ions effect on the Cd(II) extraction efficiency

Ions	Added as	Conc (mg L⁻¹)	Recovery (%)
Na⁺	NaCl	5000	93.3 ± 0.7
K⁺	KCl	1000	99.6 ± 2.8
Ca²⁺	CaCl₂	250	96.3 ± 3.0
Mg²⁺	Mg(NO₃)₂	250	99.4 ± 1.1
SO₄²⁻	Na₂SO₄	1000	97.9 ± 2.7
NO₃⁻	NaNO₃	1000	99.4 ± 3.4
PO₄³⁻	Na₃PO₄	250	103.2 ± 1.9
NH₄⁺	NH₄NO₃	250	94.5 ± 1.6
Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Mn(II)	*	25	102.1 ± 1.0
Mixed^a			99.4 ± 3.1

*Their nitrate salts were added
^a268 mg L⁻¹ Na⁺, 692 mg L⁻¹ Cl⁻, 377 mg L⁻¹ NO₃⁻, 50 mg L⁻¹ K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺, 10 mg L⁻¹ Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II)