Table 3 Degradation mechanism and order of degradation of different drugs
Sr. nos | Name of drug | Reaction type | Variables | Order of degradation | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Bedaquilline | Hydrolysis | pH | First-order reaction | Agrahari et al. (2015), Atkins et al. (1986), de Haro Moreno and Salgado (2012), Haleem et al. (2006), Hashimoto et al. (1984), Lerner et al. (1988), Oliveira et al. (2013, 2016), Paczkowska et al. (2015), Rajput and Vanavi (2021), Tutunaru et al. (2021), Vaucher et al. (2010) and Zhao et al. (2019) |
2. | Tenofovir | Hydrolysis Oxidation | pH, H2O2 | First-order reaction | |
3. | Cefotaxime | Hydrolysis of the lactam ring | UV, pH, temperature | Pseudo-first order | |
4. | Ceftriaxone | Electrochemical oxidation of thiazole side chain (R1-CONH-) | Electrolysis, temperature | First-order reaction Zero-order reaction | |
5. | Amoxicillin | Hydroxylation of β lactam ring | pH, temperature | Pseudo-first-order reaction | |
6. | Moxalactam | Hydroxylation of β lactam ring | pH, temperature | Pseudo-first order | |
7. | Telithromycin | Oxidation Photolysis | UV light, H2O2 | First-order reaction | |
8. | Azithromycin | Ester hydrolysis | pH, temperature | Pseudo-first order | |
9. | Erythromycin | Ester hydrolysis | Concentration, ionic strength, buffer concentration, pH, temperature | Pseudo-first order | |
10. | Cefozopran | Amide hydrolysis | Temperature, humidity | First-order reaction | |
11. | Ciprofibrate | Acid hydrolysis | pH, temperature | First-order reaction | |
12. | Ceftazidime | Amide hydrolysis | pH, temperature | First-order reaction |