From: Exosome-associated host–pathogen interaction: a potential effect of biofilm formation
Microorganism | Strain | Host | Description | Role in infection | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacteria | Toxoplasma gondii | Macrophages | Activation of JNK pathway and TH1 immune responses | Li et al. (2018) | |
Klebsiella pneumoniae | Cells of the epithelial tissue | Comprise of excess amount the proteins that originate from inner, outer membrane, and the periplasmic space | Develops pro-inflammatory response within the host | Lee et al. (2012) | |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Plasma and macrophages | It comprises of myco-bacterial lipids and proteins that are antigenic in nature | Develops pro-inflammatory response within the host | Giri and Schorey (2008) | |
Mycobacterium avium | Macrophages | Develops pro-inflammatory response within the host | Vázquez et al. (2012) | ||
Mycobacterium bovis | Macrophages | It comprises of mycobacterial lipids and proteins that are antigenic in nature | Develops pro-inflammatory response within the host | Giri and Schorey (2008) | |
Bacillus anthracis | Cells of the epithelium and the cells of the retina | – | Causes the lethal factor to be transferred from infected to uninfected cells | Bhatnagar and Schorey (2007) | |
Chlamydia trachomatis | Fibroblast | Comprise of bacterial antigens like LPS and MOMP | They show cytotoxic effect to the modulatory proteins of human like CT166, Pgp3, and CT159 | Frohlich et al. (2012) | |
Chlamydia pneumoniae | ECV304 cells | TF m-RNA snd TF-proteins | Develops inflammatory response resulting in the development of vascular disease | Ettelaie et al. (2007) | |
Salmonella typhimurium | Macrophages | Comprise of lipoprotein | It causes proinflammatory response | Bhatnagar et al. (2007) | |
Helicobacter pyroli | Peptidoglycan | In vivo and in vitro promotion of inflammation | Kaparakis et al. (2010) | ||
Moraxella catarrhalis | DNA and Moraxella Ig-D binding proteins | Vesicle internalization and B-cell receptor binding with the help of B cell receptor | Perez Vidakovics et al. (2010) | ||
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | t-RNA fragment and Cif protein | It causes reduction in the clearance of pathogen and reduction in antigen | Bomberger et al. (2014) | ||
Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Porin protein PorB | It brings about apoptosis of macrophages by activating the caspases within the mitochondria | Deo et al. (2018) | ||
Trypanosoma cruzi | t-RNA halves | Enhances the expression cxcl2 and il-6 within the Hela cells | Garcia-Silva et al. (2014) | ||
Plasmodium yoelii | Plasma and reticulocytes | It changes the tropism of cells, modulation of immune response and reticulocytocis | Martin-Jaular et al. (2011) |