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Table 2 Solid-state curve fitting parameter (R2) by CR method for TGA experiments at different heating rates

From: Non-isothermal reaction mechanism and kinetic analysis for the synthesis of monoclinic lithium zirconate (m-Li2ZrO3) during solid-state reaction

#

Reaction model

R2

10 °C/min

20 °C/min

30 °C/min

Nucleation models

1

Power law (P2)

0.75187

0.795460

0.79543

2

Power law (P3)

0.52183

0.64315

0.65993

3

Power law (P4)

0.13

0.3616

0.41986

4

Avrami-Erofeyev (A2)

0.85286

0.88944

0.91076

5

Avrami-Erofeyev (A3)

0.77171

0.83513

0.86886

6

Avrami-Erofeyev (A4)

0.61573

0.73777

0.79591

7

Modified Prout-Tompkins (B1)

0.22116

0.2703

0.42012

Geometrical contraction models

8

Contracting area (R2)

0.87958

0.89781

0.89985

9

Contracting volume (R3)

0.88562

0.90587

0.91142

Diffusion models

10

One-dimensional diffusion (D1)

0.89002

0.8995

0.89459

11

Two-dimensional diffusion (D2)

0.89712

0.90829

0.90618

12

Three-dimensional diffusion (D3)

0.90603

0.92164

0.93858

13

Ginstling-Brounshtein (D4)

0.90018

0.91292

0.91269

Reaction-order models

14

Zero-order (F0/R1)

0.85917

0.87468

0.87021

15

First-order (F1)

0.89800

0.92163

0.9363

16

Second-order (F2)

0.8773

0.91932

0.93746

17

Third-order (F3)

0.75608

0.86045

0.89113