Fig. 5

Cytotoxic effect of UFPs on PC-9 cells. a Phase-contrast images of PC-9 cells at 48 h after untreated, 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, and 100 μg/ml dose of UFPs (× 10 magnification). b Cell confluence of PC-9 cells after each treatment was determined by the IncuCyte Confluence version 1.5 software every 2 h for 48 h (means ± SEs, n = 3). c Cell viability of PC-9 cells after 48 h treatment of UFPs measured using 500 μg/ml as the final concentration of MTT solution (absorbance at 570 nm, means ± SEs, n = 3). p values were calculated using Student’s t test; ns > 0.05; *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001. Scale bar 200 μm