Table 2 Summary of the assays described in the manuscript
In vitro assays | Characteristics |
 Anticoagulant and thrombolytic activity | • Tests the anticoagulant and thrombolytic ability of a test compound • Simpler assay |
 CloFAL | • Periodic quantitative measurement (turbidity) of clot lysis • Analytically sensitive to the components of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems and to physiological changes in haemostasis • Inability to detect mild deficiency in factor VIII |
 Euglobulin clot lysis assay | • Measures fibrinolysis within the euglobulin fraction • rapid and sensitive method |
 Anti-platelet aggregation activity | • Tests the inhibition or reduction of platelet aggregation in vitro • Simplicity and ease of use • Does not reflect the platelet function in vivo at all times • Variation in the result obtained due to sample ageing • Interference of other substances with the result • Loss of platelets during PRP preparation |
 TEG | • Measures the viscoelastic properties of the clot • Sensitive to the changes in the fibrin polymerisation and platelet count • Identifies the unpredictable changes in coagulability during sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation • High cost of the equipment |
In vivo assays | Characteristics |
 d-Dimer test | • Monitors fibrinolysis with the help of cross-linked d-dimer domains • Helps to assess the duration of anticoagulation therapy • Varies with respect to the types of d-dimer unit • Not applicable for fibrinogenolysis |
 Ferric chloride-induced thrombosis model | • Topical application of ferric chloride leading to vascular wall injury • thrombus formation closest to that in human pathological condition • Sensitive to various thrombin inhibitors • Must be combined with other assays to diagnose/treat DVT |
 Carrageenan-induced thrombosis model | • Formation of wine coloured thrombus on injecting carrageenan • Simplicity and reproducibility |
 Rat groin flap model | • Vessel wall stimulating using bipolar stimulating electrode • LDPM employed to monitor blood flow • Short length of the pedicle serves as drawback |
 Phytochemical injury | • Photo excitation oxidative damage of the vessel wall • Increased phytochemical efficacy • Lower systemic toxicity |
 Laser-induced injury | • Thrombosis is induced through heat damage • Complete denudation of endothelium |