Fig. 5
β-Cyclodextrin-encapsulated resveratrol (CD/Res) significantly enhances necrosis in the hypoxic inner core of HeLa cell spheroids. A HeLa cell spheroids were treated with 10 μM β-cyclodextrin (CD), resveratrol (Res), or Res/CD) and then stained with calcein AM and propidium iodide (PI). Stained spheroids were observed under a fluorescence microscope. Representative images are presented in this panel. B HeLa cells were treated with 0–500 μM cobalt chloride (CoCl2) for up to 24 h, followed by immunoblotting of cell lysates with anti-HIF-1α antibody. Densitometry was used to quantify HIF-1α levels. C HeLa cells were treated with 0–500 μM CoCl2 with or without 10 μM Res and then stained with PI. PI-stained cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. D The bar graphs depict the quantity of necrotic HeLa cells (mean ± SE, n = 3). *p < 0.05 (two-way analysis of variance and Turkey’s test). ns = not significant