Table 5 Some examples of GQDs-based nanocomposites for fluorescence cellular sensing
From: Graphene quantum dot nanocomposites: electroanalytical and optical sensor technology perspective
Material | GQD preparation method | Target analyte | Fluorescence technique | Linear range | LOD | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GQDs/Ag NPs | Pyrolysis (citric acid) | Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | Fluorescence quenching | 0–5 U L−1 | 2 × 10−2 U L−1 | Lu et al. (2018) |
N-GQDs-MoS2 | Hydrothermal treatment (citric acid and urea) | Glutathione (GSH) | Fluorescence “turn off–on” | 4 × 10−4–4.4 × 10−3 M | 2.47 × 10−6 M | Tang et al. (2021) |
Aptamer@ Fe3O4@ GQD@ MoS2 | Electrolysis (graphite rods) | Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) | Fluorescence “turn off–on” | 2 × 10−9–6.4 × 10−8 M | 1.19 × 10−9 M | Cui et al. (2019) |
AuNF@GQDs | Pyrolysis (L-glutamic acid) | MicroRNA-34a | Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) | 1.5 × 10−16–8 × 10−15 M | 1 × 10−16 M | Sun et al. (2018) |
Nanoceria @ GQD | Pyrolysis (citric acid) | Ochratoxin A (OA) | FRET | 1 × 10−8–2 × 105 mg mL−1 | 2.5 × 10−9 mg mL−1 | Tian et al. (2018) |
Py-MBs–GQDs | Pyrolysis (citric acid) | MicroRNA | FRET | 1 × 10−10–2 × 10−7 M | 1 × 10−10 M | Zhang et al. (2015a) |
BN–SGQD | Solvothermal | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA | FRET | 0–2 × 10−8 M | 5 × 10−10 M | Li et al. (2017) |
GQDs-CuNC | Hydrothermal treatment (citric acid) | Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) | Fluorescence | 2 × 10−11–1.2 × 10−8 M | 1 × 10−11 M | Chen et al. (2021) |
ITO–GQDs–CM–APOE DNA | Pyrolysis (citric acid) | APOe4 DNA | Dual (fluorescence/amperometry) | 2 × 10−8–4 × 10−7 mg mL−1 | 2.18 × 10−9 mg mL−1 | Mars et al. (2018) |